Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In 1924 American National Research Council sent engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop floor lignting__1__workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.
The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.
After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to__ 14__ interpretation of what happened.__ 15___, lighting was always changed on Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the working week in any case, before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect “is hard to pin down.
1.选A. 此句要表达的意思为“厂房的灯光是如何对工作效率产生影响的”,因此,这里需要的意思是“影响”。achieve表示“达到,完成”, extract表示“拔出,榨取”,restore表示“恢复,使修复”,都与句子不复,只有affect表示“影响”。
2. 选B. 该题考察的是固定短语的使用,end up doing sth,表示“最终成为.....”。句子表达的意思为:该实验最终被定义为“霍桑效应”。
3.选C. 句意为“实验所研究的行为改变了工人的表现”。
4.选B. 该选项需要结合下文来解决。后文的意思是,无论照明灯变亮还是变暗,只要是有变化,女工的生产效率就会提高,因此,这个现象是“令人费解的”,只perplexing有此意。
5.选C. 该句的意思是,根据实验记录、报告等显示,......因此,只有选项acccounts有“说明,明细”等意思。
6.选B. 根据第四题的分析得出,该句表达的意思是,“做的什么实验并不重要”,因此,使用固定搭配It doesn’t matter ...。
7.选D. so long as表示“只要”,与上下文意思一致,“只要有变化”。
8.选A. 该句表达的意思是,“只要工人意识到他们自己是实验对象,这就足以让他们改变行为了”,需要一个表达“意识”的单词,因此选择awareness。 expectations表示“期望”,sentiment表示“观点,感情”,illusion表示“错觉,假象”。
9.选C. be enough to do sth, 足够做某事,符合上下文。
10.选D. by oneself 表示“独自地”,这里的itself代指an awareness of ...
11.选C. 该句要表达的意思是“相同的数据被用于计量经济学分析”,be subjected to sth. 表示“使服从于......,被用于......”.
12. 选A. 根据该考点之前的句子,“霍桑试验还有另外一个令人意想不到的结果”得知,下面说的内容应该是与记录中的一些描述相悖,因此需要一个表示转折的连接词。只有contrary to表示“与......相反”,符合文意。
13.选A. 根据句意及修饰限定词systematic,该处需要的是一个比较确凿的“证据”,同时要与动词find构成动宾搭配,只有evidence符合要求。
14.选D. disputable表示“可争辩的”,enlightening表示“有启发性的”,reliable表示“可信赖的”, misleading表示“欺骗性的”,根据上下文,选择misleading。
15.选B. 所填空之后是具体实例说明,因此该选项为For example,符合句意。
16.选A. 根据句意,该处表示一个比较规律性的现象,只有duly表示“准时的,恰当的”,符合文意。
17.选D. 所填空之前是肯定连接词and,同时根据前半句的duly rose,可知该处需要的是与前文一致性的概念,因此只有continue表示“继续”,具有递进的关系。
18.选C. 该句与前句意思相反,使用转折词but。
19.选B. tend to do sth. 表示“倾向于做某事”,符合文意。
20.选D. 该句表达的意思是“在任何情况下,工人们都倾向于在一周的前几天比较勤奋,但到达了一个顶峰的时候就会松弛下来”,因此hit 与a plateau搭配,符合文意 “ 到达顶点,顶峰”的意思。